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Fertilization of maize sillage
VÁJA, Petr
This thesis is focused on an experiment dealing with fertilization of silage corn. The experiment was realized in 2021 in the agricultural enterprise Zemko Kožlí a.s. The field experiment was founded with a hybrid ES Joker and was fertilized with various combinations of fertilizers. In total, eight fertilization variants were created for the experiment in two repetitions. Fertilizers DAM 390, Urea and Amofos were used for fertilization. During the vegetation, differences between fertilization variants were monitored, namely in the number of plants, increase of above-ground biomass, weight of individual plants, weight and number of individual buds, and finally in the total yield from each variant. An additional criterion-em was the evaluation of the percentage of dry matter and the economic evaluation of each variant. The largest yield was recorded for the variant that was fertilized only with nitrogen in the fertilizer Urea. The lowest yield, on the other hand, was for the fertilized phosphorus variants in the fertilizer Amofos in combination with nitrogen in the fertilizer DAM 390. With the increasing dose of industrial fertilizers, the yield of biomass decreased. Experiments of corn fertilized with phosphorus reached higher dry matter.
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Vliv teploty na oplozenost a líhnivost po krátkodobém skladování neoplozených jiker sumce velkého (Silurus glanis)
PŘIBYL, Tadeáš
The experiment validated the impact of storage of artificially spawned unfertilised eggs of European catfish on fertilization, hatching and the beginning of exogenous food intake throughout the transition from the embryonic to larval life period. The eggs from artificially spawned individuals have been used for this experiment using the induction of ovulation by the carp pituitary system. Sperm from each individual was collected by stripping using a hypodermic needle, that were partially filled with immobilising solution for sperm before artificial spawning of female individuals. Artificial stripping of fish was carried out under anaesthesia (by clove oil). Immediately after artificial hatching, samples of eggs (approximately 50 g) were put into six plastic bowls. Covered with wet cloth, bowls with eggs were placed into tempered, isolating thermo boxes with temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C. Subsequently, in time intervals of 0,5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours (after spawning) a small amount of eggs (approximately 50 pieces) was taken away from each temperature and put into glass beakers (with three repetitions), then the sperm was added and finally activated by adding water. In beakers with incubated non-sticking eggs and during the consequent storage of hatching embryos through temperature between 19,5-20 °C, water was changed two times a day. Approximately 4 hours after incubation, the exact number of used and fertilised eggs, was calculated. Unfertilised eggs (of white colour) and dead embryos were removed. Hatchery was assessed approximately 100 hours after fertilisation, when all living embryos had been hatched. After another 115 hours, throughout the transition from the embryonic to larval life development, live food (nauplia Artemia) was put into each bowl. Three hours after, individuals that began the food intake were calculated. The highest level of fertilisation was found in eggs stored between 0,5 and 2 hours (95,0?2,2 % - 100,0?0,0 %). The decrease in fertilisation is noticeable in all tested groups after 3 hours from stripping. Statistically significant decrease in fertilization was detected in eggs stored for 6 hours, the storage temperature did not affect the fertilization. Similar results have been maintained also in hatchery, where hatchery decreases as storage time increases. The highest level of hatchery was found in eggs stored in 25 °C (for 0,5 h 61,4?5,5 %), or more precisely 1 h 42,8?12,9 %). Hatching significantly decreases in all storage temperatures when storage time is longer than half an hour. The last parameter concerned how many percent of the individuals began the food intake. The highest level was recorded in eggs stored for half an hour (after spawning) in 25 °C (60,1?5,3 %), 30 °C (54,5?17,7 %) and 20 °C (39,0?12,7 %). On the contrary, storage temperatures 5 °C, 10 °C and 15 °C had results between 8,9?2,8 % and 35,0?18,8 %. Total mortality was detected when the storage time was more than 8 hours. It is necessary to fertilize the eggs as soon as possible (max. up to half an hour) after spawning, and to avoid storage of eggs at low temperatures (below 15 °C), to obtain viable individuals.
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The study of fluids and secretions from reproductive tracts of pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica) and cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus)
Dráb, Tomáš ; Liberda, Jiří (advisor) ; Jonáková, Věra (referee) ; Ulčová-Gallová, Zdeňka (referee)
Interactions between proteins and saccharide moieties play an indispensable role in mammalian reproduction as they stand behind of such processes as maturation and mutual recognition of gametes and sperm oviductal reservoir formation. In my dissertation thesis I focused on activities of glycosidases from bovine and porcine follicular fluids and their changes connected with follicle development. Activities of five glycosidases were detected in tertiary and preovulatory follicles in both species. The most active enzymes were α-L-fucosidase in cow and α-D-mannosidase in sow and both enzymes also demonstrated the most pronounced increase in their activities during follicle maturation. Interestingly, both α-L-fucose in cow and α-D-mannose in sow were described as saccharides responsible for the formation of the sperm oviductal reservoir and we offered a hypothetical mechanism of synchronisation between sperm release from their reservoir with the time of ovulation based on a surge of activities of corresponding follicular glycosidases through the oviduct. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that β-D-galactosidase and α-D-mannosidase affect sperm-zona pellucida binding in pig, as they both decrease interaction between sperm receptors for zona pellucida and zona pellucida. This may explain the observation...
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The study of fluids and secretions from reproductive tracts of pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica) and cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus)
Dráb, Tomáš ; Liberda, Jiří (advisor) ; Jonáková, Věra (referee) ; Ulčová-Gallová, Zdeňka (referee)
Interactions between proteins and saccharide moieties play an indispensable role in mammalian reproduction as they stand behind of such processes as maturation and mutual recognition of gametes and sperm oviductal reservoir formation. In my dissertation thesis I focused on activities of glycosidases from bovine and porcine follicular fluids and their changes connected with follicle development. Activities of five glycosidases were detected in tertiary and preovulatory follicles in both species. The most active enzymes were α-L-fucosidase in cow and α-D-mannosidase in sow and both enzymes also demonstrated the most pronounced increase in their activities during follicle maturation. Interestingly, both α-L-fucose in cow and α-D-mannose in sow were described as saccharides responsible for the formation of the sperm oviductal reservoir and we offered a hypothetical mechanism of synchronisation between sperm release from their reservoir with the time of ovulation based on a surge of activities of corresponding follicular glycosidases through the oviduct. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that β-D-galactosidase and α-D-mannosidase affect sperm-zona pellucida binding in pig, as they both decrease interaction between sperm receptors for zona pellucida and zona pellucida. This may explain the observation...
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Plant strategies in belowground competition - insight through game theory
Smyčka, Jan ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Šmilauer, Petr (referee)
In recent decades, it was shown that belowground competition for some plants may take form of the tragedy of the commons (TOC). In these plants, the competing neighbours invest more in root systems than would be appropriate for optimal nutrient uptake for the group and also more than they do when grown alone. However, there is also strong evidence that other species do not follow TOC, and tailor their root system to best nutrient exploitation irrespectively of competitor presence. The root investment strategy of these plants should correspond to the ideal free distribution (IFD). In my thesis I focus on two aspects: I use game theoretical models to explore, whether those strategies can coexist within species and also whether different species can coexist if they have different strategy. From this model I draw predictions, which I test by meta-analysis. Using Agrostis stolonifera as a model, I test assumptions on nutrient and neighbour perception, which underlie TOC and IFD models. I show that according to mathematical models, those two strategies can coexist in different species in a community, but cannot coexist within a species. Within a species, the TOC strategy should always dominate, once it appears. This can be extrapolated to macroevolutionary scale - once TOC occurs in certain clade, it should...
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Functional analysis of sperm quality after endocrine disruptor treatment
Linhartová, Zuzana ; Liberda, Jiří (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee)
The aim The aim of my study was to determine whether the selected endocrine disruptors (EDs) affect reproductive parameters of sperm. Due to two experimental models, in which was tested the influence of selected Eds, my work is divided into two parts: A) On the boar model (Sus scrofa) was tested effect of selected EDs (zearalenone (ZEN), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), vinclozolin (VIN) on the course of capacitation, acrosome responses in vitro and changes in the detection and localization of selected proteins. B) On the fish model (Perca fluviatilis L.) was tested the influence of the selected ED- bisphenol A (BPA) on the motility and velocity of fish sperm movement. Results Mammalian model In mammalian model the course of capacitation and acrosome reaction was significantly influencing by the examined EDs in comparision with control samples. The increase of the number of marked cells during capacitation and reduce of the number of marked cells after AR compared with the differences between experimental and control samples was confirmed by the flow cytometry method. At higher concentrations EDs clearly inhibited acrosome response and thus reduce the number of sperm capable of fertilization. The relevancy of the results of detection acrosome reaction was confirmed by using various methodological...
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The influence of fertilisation and grazing frequency on yield of fodder biomass
TVRDÍK, Adolf
In the Bohemian Forest foothills (Kaplice, Large Chuchelec, 650 m n.m.) wereselected experimental and running surface choice variants herbage managed herbal growths with different ways and frequence of pasture and level sustenance (fertilization). There was evaleated stand composition (3x yearly), maturity of fodder biomass in grazing stand (maturity dominant species), production of forage biomass. Work is focused on appreciation influences way and frequence pastoral exploitation and fertilization on production of fodder.
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